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Information On an Old Encyclopedia
Pliny the Elder
Encyclopedias have been on this earth for 2000 years. The oldest is the Naturalis Historia written by Pliny the Elder in Roman times. It is spread over 37 sections covering art and structural design, natural history, medicine, geography, geology and every other aspect that was present to him. The evidence was gathered from 2000 different works by 200 authors, but he could not prove the entries. Published in 77-79 AD. Earlier, the works of Marcus Terentius Varro were already there, but they were lost to time.
Middle Ages
The Etymologiae (c. 630) became known as the first medieval encyclopedia compiled by Saint Isidore of Seville, a great scholar of the Middle Ages. This encyclopedia is spread over 448 chapters in 20 volumes with excerpts and quotations from the work of other authors.
The Middle Ages saw reference mainly in De proprietatibus rerum (1240) by Bartholomeus Anglicus.
Vincent of Beauvais’s Speculum Majus (1260) was quite progressive at over 3 million words in the late medieval period.
Souda is a huge encyclopedia of the Byzantine period of the ancient Mediterranean world. It is written in a Greek dictionary and contains 30,000 entries.
17th-19th century
The modern idea of a printed encyclopedia, which could be widely circulated for general use, came with the Cyclopaedia of Chambers (1728) and the Encyclopédie of Diderot and D’Alembert (1751 onwards), as well as the Encyclopaedia and the Conversations-Lexikon . These included comprehensive topics that were wide-ranging and in-depth and organized. The Chamber’s dictionary may have followed the example of John Harris’s Lexicon Technicum.
Sir Thomas Browne, a famous English scholar and physician used the word encyclopedia in 1646 in his Vulgar Errors, which refuted common errors of his time. This encyclopedia was structured on the proven plan of the Renaissance or “scale of creation.” He ascends the hierarchical tree starting from mineral, plant, animal, human and planetary to cosmological worlds.
John Harris is now recognized for the alphabetical format he introduced in 1704 with his Lexicon Technicum: A Universal English Dictionary of Arts and Sciences: Explaining not only the Terms of Art, but the Arts Itself”. He emphasized science as much as his understanding of 18th century, his subjects continued to extend beyond science to include humanities and fine arts such as law, commerce, music and heraldry.
20th century
In the early 1920s, Harmsworth’s World Encyclopedia and Children’s Encyclopedia became popular and accessible sources. In the US, the 1950s and 1960s saw the introduction of many large editions and began to become popular. They were sold in installments. WorldBook and Funk and Wagnalls came out the best.
Several encyclopedias were published in the second semester. Their work was remarkable as they synthesized important themes from specific fields, gained through new research. Encyclopedia of Philosophy and Elsevier’s Handbooks In Economics were 2 such books. Most academic disciplines are covered in a special volume that even includes narrow topics such as bioethics and African American history.
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